Chapter 2 a novel reactive compatibilization strategy on. Compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing xanthos, m dagli, s. Postprint authors version reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by zinc carboxylate. Herein, we report a novel compatibilization mechanism using janus nanomicelles jnms formed in situ at the polymer polymer interface in immiscible polyvinylidene fluoride pvdfpolylactic acid plla blends. Compatibilization of polymer blends by shear pulverization 9. Epoxy resin eew 2060 has been demonstrated to be an efficient reactive compatibilizer for the incompatible polymer blends of polyamide6,6 pa66.
However, reactive linear compatibilizers containing reactive groups on the main chains form graft copolymers during reactive blending, and such graft copolymers with an asymmetric molecular structure are often pulled in or pulled out under mechanical shear. Introduction polymer blends seem to be a viable alternative to obtain new polymeric materials with properties. Unfortunately, they are often pulled out of the interface because of the asymmetric molecular structures. Compatibilization effects in sanepdm blends prepared by. Polystyrene ps and polyethylene pe, along with their reactive counterparts, i. Compatibilizing the system will make a more stable and better blended phase morphology by creating interactions. We study the rheological and morphological effects of the crosslinked interface and investigate the effects of varying the reactive compatibilizer concentration and the homopolymer loading. The blend was then extruded and allowed to cool to room temperature. The influence of a reactive block copolymer compatibilizer on the breakup of polymer fibers in the quiescent conditions is investigated using the breaking thread method btm. Laboratory of plastics and rubber technology, department of physical chemistry and materials science, budapest university of technology and economics, p. Reactive compatibilization is the process of modifying a mixed immiscible blend of polymers to arrest phase separation and allow for the formation of a stable, longterm continuous phase.
For a sag copolymer with lower gma content sg2, a better compatibilized blend is achieved by sequential blending of the sag2 with n66 then with abs. Reactive compatibilization of blends containing liquid crystalline polymers h. Polymer blend of two or more different semicrystalline polymers are miscible in the crystalline state as well as in the molten state. Polymer blends are physical mixtures of two or more polymers withwithout any chemical bonding between them. The classification of route to achieve reactive compatibilization is. The first compatibilization of polyvinylchloride pvc by blending with polyvinylacetate pvac and their copolymers date from 1928. Reactive compatibilization reactive compatibilization is a procedure in which immiscible polymer blends are compatibilized by creating copolymers in the solution or melt state. Diblock compatibilizers vs crosslinked reactive compatibilizers candice l. Reference polymer blends and composites from renewable resources long yua,b, katherine deana, lin lib reactive blending of biodegradable polymers. By doing so, the reactive compatibilization of the nonreactive blend. Pdf development of a concept of reactive compatibilizertracer for. Transparent pcpmma blends via reactive compatibilization.
Pla and starch chang lim junjournal of polymers and the environment compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer blends european polymer journal b. Reactive compatibilization is commonly used when blending immiscible homopolymers. Reactive compatibilization by catalytic transesteri. The effects of addition of a reactive compatibilizer, a random terpolymer, on morphological and rheological properties of blends of polyamide dispersed in a polyethylene matrix were studied experimentally. Pdf reactive compatibilization of absnylon 6,6 blends. The book focused on the practical aspects of reactive compatibilization cumimpact modification of complex systems containing both virgin polymers andor their mixed plastic waste. Most polymer blends are immiscible and need to be compatibilized. Compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer blends.
Polymer blends handbook polymer nanostructures and. Addition of premade grafted and block copolymers 3. The book focused on the practical aspects of reactive compatibilizationcumimpact modification of complex systems containing both virgin polymers andor their mixed plastic waste. In this paper, the mechanical aspects of reactive processing compatibilization of compounding of fiber forming polymer blends have been highlighted. Reactive compatibilization of the polyethylene terephthalate. Reactive compatibilization and inline morphological analysis. Pdf in situ reactive compatibilization in polymer blends. Examples of potential opportunities in reactive compatibilization are also presented.
The majority of polymer blends containing elastomeric, thermoplastic, andor liquid crystalline polymers are processed by melt extrusion. Lots of research has been carried out on the reactive compatibilization of polymer blends. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends by coupling. This issue is critical for waste management as the mechanical recycling is the most viable method, it demands sorting of plastic waste for homogeneous streams a. The book begins by introducing polymer blends, describing thermodynamics, miscibility, and phase.
In this paper, the mechanical aspects of reactive processing compatibilization of compounding of fiber. Reactive compatibilization of plant polysaccharides and. Polymer blending is a common method to prepare highperformance polymer materials. Lec1 introduction to polymer blend types of polymer blends. Moreover, the nominal interfacial tension between two polymers is estimated as a function of. The compatibilizer is either localized at the interface of two polymers or incorporated in the bulk of thread phase. A selected reactive coupling agent can be served as an effective compatibilizer for certain immiscible and incompatible blends should both blend constituents possess the necessary functional groups that can react with the coupling agent at comparable rates. Copolymers are formed when the proper functional groups in each component of the immiscible blend interact in the compatibilization process. Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends using in. Reactive compatibilizers are usually used to enhance the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends of polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide 6,6. Reactive compatibilization of polylactic acidpolystyrene blends and its application to preparation of hierarchically porous polylactic acid. In order to tailor properties for specific applications, the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends is of paramount importance. Pvc was commercialized in 1931 while its blends with nitrile rubber nbr were.
Mixture of two or more fractions of the same polymer each of which has different molecular weight distribution. Instead, when preparing a new polymer blend from immiscible resins, it is necessary to devise a specific strategy for compatibilizing the mixture to provide for. Block or graft copolymers located at polymerpolymer interfaces have been considered as ideal compatibilizers for immiscible polymer blends. Blending techniques, melt blending, solution blending, ipns, reactive blending, freeze dry. Compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer.
The modified products usually functionalized polymers, may be used as compatibilizers to enhance the properties of dispersed blends or as tielayers in coextruded multilayered structures. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends of poly. Compatibilization of polymer blends utracki 2002 the. Our results show that compatibilization with graftblock copolymer is a versatile way to achieve hierarchical microstructures in multiphase polymer blends. Cangianob adepartment of chemical engineering and polymer science program, university of connecticut, storrs, ct 0626936, usa bhoechst research, summit, nj 07901, usa received 21 february 1999. Reactive compatibilization of plapa11 blends and their. Reactive compatibilization of the poly ethylene terephthalateliquid crystalline polymer blends by solid epoxy resin as a coupling agent hungchih chin, kuochan chiou, and fencchih chang institute of applied chemistry, national chiaotung university, hsinchu, taiwan, republic of china synopsis. A variety of polymer blends are discussed, including impact modified thermoplastics, polymer modified engineering thermoplastics, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers, and co. Key role of structural features of compatibilizing polymer additives in. Three routes to reactive compatibilization are considered, namely, the use of suitably functionalized blend constituents, the incorporation of poly meric. It is seldom possible to mix two or more polymers and create a blend with useful properties.
Velankara department of chemical engineering, university of pittsburgh, pittsburgh, pennsylvania 15261 received 20 february 2008. Reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by zinc. Pdf study of compatibilization methods for high density. T1 reactive compatibilization of polyethylene terephthalate and highdensity polyethylene using aminotelechelic polyethylene. Nov 12, 2008 reactive compatibilization is commonly used when blending immiscible homopolymers.
Reactive compatibilization of polyethylene terephthalate. Compatibilization of polymer blends by janus particles 8. Rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of s. Compatibilization effects in sanepdm blends prepared by reactive extrusion l. Therefore, an appropriate compatibilization of polymer blends is required to overcome this drawback.
Reactive compatibilization and morphology control of. Reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by. Reactive compatibilization of polylactic acidpolystyrene. Strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends 3. The compatibilizers formed from the interfacial coupling of two types of. Solid epoxy resin with two epoxide endgroups per molecule was demonstrated to be an efficient reactive. Reactive polymer blending request pdf researchgate. Reactive splicing compatibilization of immiscible polymer. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends springerlink.
Its thickness 2 to 60 nm, depends on polymer mescibility and compatibilization. The compatibilization of polymer blends via reactive compatibilization and block copolymers was studied. Here we consider the case where both reactive chains are multifunctional, leading to a crosslinked copolymer at the interface. For pcpmma blends, prior art using this methodology is already existing as well. May 19, 2008 most polymer blends are immiscible and need to be compatibilized. However, most polymer pairs are thermodynamically immiscible.
Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends using in situ. Rheological properties and reactive compatibilization of. The use of a reactive additive improved the matrix lcp compatibilization and adhesion as indicated by the sem analysis and mechanical testing. This interfacial activity can be modified by reactive and nonreactive processing strategies. Scattering studies of compatibilized polymer blends 11. It is done via the addition of a reactive polymer, miscible with one blend component and reactive towards functional groups on the second component, which. The mechanism of a reactive compatibilization system is relatively more complex than the corresponding non. Compatibilization in polymer chemistry is the addition of a substance to an immiscible blend of polymers that will increase their stability.
Transparent pcpmma blends via reactive compatibilization in. However, reactive coupling agents of low molecular weight were not included in their work. Reactive compatibilization is an effective method to improve the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends. It is done via the addition of a reactive polymer, miscible with one blend component and reactive towards functional groups on the second component, which result in the insitu formation of. Block or graft copolymers located at polymer polymer interfaces have been considered as ideal compatibilizers for immiscible polymer blends. The literature concerned with compatibilization of tlcppolymer blends has grown exponentially in the. An effective compatibilizer can be produced in situ by the reaction between coreactive functional groups in the blend constituents during blending process. Reactive compatibilization of blends containing liquid. Reactive compatibilization and inline morphological. Pmma copolymer, postconsumer pet, morphology, reactive extrusion. Interfacial activity of reactive compatibilizers in polymer. Reactive modification of single polymers may be accomplished through a variety of reagents or through radiation.
Reactive compatibilization of polylactidepolypropylene blends. Micro and nanoscale morphology characterization by microscopy 10. The trend dearly shows that reactive compatibilization has become the mainstream in compatibilizing incompatible polymer pairs during the last few years 6. Compatibilizing polymer blends using reactive telechelic. Molecular dynamics simulation of reactive compatibilization. The compatibilizers formed from the interfacial coupling of two types of reactive chains often have a graft copoly. In the following sections, we discuss some commonly used and often misused definitions of the field, such as those of natural, biobased and biopolymers as well as miscibility and compatibility. Compatibilization of immiscible and incompatible polymer blends can be achieved by using various non reactive and reactive compatibilizers. We use a multifunctional epoxy as a reactive coupling agent to study the effect of reactive compatibilization processing on the properties of petlcp blends. Reactive compatibilization of polypropylene springerlink. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends of polybutylene. The classification of route to achieve reactive compatibilization is as follows.
For example, it has been applied to pc blends such as pcpbt 2325 and pcpet 2628. Herein, we report a novel compatibilization mechanism using janus nanomicelles jnms formed in situ at the polymerpolymer interface in immiscible polyvinylidene fluoride pvdfpolylactic acid plla blends. There are only few commercially important polymer blends based on miscible and partially miscible i. The compatibility in immiscible pethdpe polymer blends can be enhanced by reactive and nonreactive compatibilization, when the reduction in interfacial. Reactive compatibilization and morphology control of polymer. The results presented in this thesis suggest that the process of reactive compatibilization provides a mechanism by which blocky copolymeric compatibilizers can be fo rmed during processing, as demonstrated by the. Morphology and rheology of compatibilized polymer blends. The objective of polymer blending is a practical one of achieving commercially viable products through either unique properties or lower cost than some. Liquid crystalline polymers compatibilization and adhesion. Compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing. This addition leads to smaller size and narrower size distribution of the dispersed phase. Petmge blends exhibit complex phase morphology due to the presence of elastomeric particles in the pmma elast copolymer and in the use of mge terpolymer. The polymer blends handbook is a fundamental reference work on polymer blends, covering all aspects. The insituformed graftblock copolymers should be thermodynamically located at the interface to bridge the neighboring phases.
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